Fw: Nature 14 January 2010 Volume 463 Number 7278 pp135-262

NATURE

14 January 2010 Volume 463 Number 7278, pp 135 - 262

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EDITORIALS

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Call for a bigger vision p135
Science in Canada cannot realize its full potential without clear
direction from government.
doi:10.1038/463135a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Lessons from a pandemic pp135-136
It is time to assess what worked, and what didn't, in the global
efforts to cope with swine flu.
doi:10.1038/463135b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Security ethics p136
Manufacturers of computer systems should welcome researchers'
efforts to find flaws.
doi:10.1038/463136a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

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Biology: Snakes face the heat p138
doi:10.1038/463138a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Neuroscience: Brain cell gain and cocaine p138
doi:10.1038/463138b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Materials science: Sequencing with carbon p138
doi:10.1038/463138c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Cancer biology: Kicking out cancer cells p138
doi:10.1038/463138d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Geoscience: Extraterrestrial dust p138
doi:10.1038/463138e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=123&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Biogeochemistry: DDT in the ocean pp138-139
doi:10.1038/463138f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Immunology: Double punch for HIV p139
doi:10.1038/463139a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Neuroscience: Dark migraine relief p139
doi:10.1038/463139b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Molecular biology: Flowering time unravelled p139
doi:10.1038/463139c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=118&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Drug discovery: Virtual antibiotic screen p139
doi:10.1038/463139d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Correction p139
doi:10.1038/463139e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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JOURNAL CLUB

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Journal club p139
Monica Gotta
doi:10.1038/463139f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=34&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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NEWS

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News briefing: 14 January 2010 pp140-141
The week in science
doi:10.1038/463140a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Publish or perish in China pp142-143
The pressure to rack up publications in high-impact journals could
encourage misconduct, some say.
Jane Qiu
doi:10.1038/463142a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=238&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Streamlined chemical tests rebuffed pp142-143
Europe impedes introduction of REACH safety assessments.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/463142b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=236&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Disease epidemic killing only US bats p144
Fungal infection linked with high mortality in the United States,
whereas infected European bats seem fine.
Lizzie Buchen
doi:10.1038/463144a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Trace that metal p145
Collaboration launches effort to track marine nutrients.
Mark Schrope
doi:10.1038/463145a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Pulsar watchers race for gravity waves p147
Radio telescopes vie with laser detectors to hunt for signs of
massive cosmic collisions.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/463147a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Two new journals copy the old p148
Volunteer with publisher says duplication was a technical 'mistake'.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/463148a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

The fickle Y chromosome p149
Chimp genome reveals rapid rate of change.
Lizzie Buchen
doi:10.1038/463149a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=265&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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NEWS FEATURES

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Swine flu: Crisis communicator pp150-152
Richard Besser led the United States' top public-health agency as
swine flu broke out on its doorstep. And his communication shaped
the early days of a pandemic,
finds Brendan Maher.
doi:10.1038/463150a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Neuroscience: The most vulnerable brains pp154-156
An increase in premature births means that more babies are at risk
of neurological damage. Erika Check Hayden talks with researchers
who are developing ways to help these children.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/463154a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=256&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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CORRESPONDENCE

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Journal Editorials give indication of driving science issues p157
Cathelijn J. F. Waaijer, Cornelis A. van Bochove and Nees Jan van Eck
doi:10.1038/463157a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Let interdisciplinary research begin in undergraduate years p157
C. H. Tong
doi:10.1038/463157b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Spanish cuts could do lasting damage to biomedical research p157
Juan Pablo Albar
doi:10.1038/463157c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

To make progress we must remember and learn from the past p157
Bart Penders, Niki Vermeulen and John N. Parker
doi:10.1038/463157d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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OPINION

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Canada needs a polar policy p159
A lack of coordination in Arctic research funding leaves scientists
without the support they need for fieldwork. John England outlines
how Canada can set things right, and show leadership in the north.
John England
doi:10.1038/463159a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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BOOKS AND ARTS

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No crystal ball for natural disasters p160
Floods and fires aside, the tricky science of prediction is explained
in a book that treads a careful line between analysis and anecdotes
of awful events, says Andrew Robinson.
Andrew Robinson reviews Megadisasters: The Science of Predicting
the Next Catastrophe by Florin Diacu
doi:10.1038/463160a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

The art of animal colouring p161
Leena Lindstrom reviews Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage
by Peter Forbes
doi:10.1038/463161a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Distorting the climate message pp161-162
Candis Callison reviews Climate Cover-Up: The Crusade to Deny Global
Warming by James Hoggan and Richard Littlemore
doi:10.1038/463161b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Georgia's fossils on view p162
Katharine Barnes reviews Dmanisi Archaeological Site by
doi:10.1038/463162a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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NEWS AND VIEWS

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Climate: A moist model monsoon pp163-164
Received wisdom about the main driver of the South Asian monsoon comes
into question with a report that tests the idea that the Himalayas,
not the Tibetan plateau, are the essential topographic ingredient.
Mark A. Cane
doi:10.1038/463163a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Biochemistry: Tackling unintelligent design pp164-165
The key enzyme in photosynthesis, Rubisco, is a relic of a bygone age.
The ability to assemble Rubisco in the test tube offers the prospect
of genetically manipulating the enzyme to make it fit for the
modern world.
R. John Ellis
doi:10.1038/463164a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Behavioural ecology: Learn to beat an identity cheat pp165-167
Parent birds commonly face the problem of distinguishing their own
brood from foreign chicks. Learnt chick-recognition evolves only
when parents do not mistakenly learn to reject their own young.
Rebecca Kilner
doi:10.1038/463165a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

50 & 100 years ago p166
doi:10.1038/463166a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Galaxy formation: Gone with the wind? pp167-168
Windy weather is forecast where stars are forming. Numerical simulations
show that these winds can reshape dwarf galaxies, reconciling their
properties with the prevailing theory of galaxy formation.
Marla Geha
doi:10.1038/463167a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=24&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Bioinorganic chemistry: Model offers intermediate insight pp168-169
Chemical models of enzymes' active sites aid our understanding of
biological reactions. Such a model of a reaction intermediate
promises to advance our knowledge of the biochemistry of
iron-containing haem enzymes.
Kenneth D. Karlin
doi:10.1038/463168a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Neuroscience: Astrocytes as aide-memoires pp169-170
Memory formation is known to occur at the level of synaptic contacts
between neurons. It therefore comes as a surprise that another type
of brain cell, the astrocyte, is also involved in establishing memory.
Mirko Santello and Andrea Volterra
doi:10.1038/463169a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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REVIEW

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Main-group elements as transition metals pp171-177
Philip P. Power
doi:10.1038/nature08634
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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ARTICLES

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Genome sequence of the palaeopolyploid soybean pp178-183
Soybean is an important crop plant, providing seed protein and oil
and fixing atmospheric nitrogen through symbioses with soil-borne
microorganisms. Using a whole-genome shotgun approach, its 1.1-gigabase
genome is now sequenced and integrated with physical and high-density
genetic maps to create a chromosome-scale draft sequence assembly.
Jeremy Schmutz et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08670
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

A small-cell lung cancer genome with complex signatures of tobacco
exposure pp184-190
Tobacco smoke contains more than sixty carcinogens that bind and mutate
DNA. Here, massively parallel sequencing technology is used to sequence
a small-cell lung cancer cell line, exploring the mutational burden
associated with tobacco smoking. Multiple mutation signatures from the
cocktail of carcinogens in tobacco smoke are found, as well as evidence
of transcription-coupled repair and another, more general,
expression-linked repair pathway.
Erin D. Pleasance et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08629
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer
genome pp191-196
Here, the genomes of a malignant melanoma and a lymphoblastoid cell line
from the same person are sequenced, providing the first comprehensive
catalogue of somatic mutations from an individual cancer. The data provide
insight into the causes of tumour formation and the development of the
cancer genome, with the dominant mutational signature reflecting DNA damage
due to ultraviolet light exposure.
Erin D. Pleasance et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08658
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Coupled chaperone action in folding and assembly of hexadecameric
Rubisco pp197-202
Form I Rubisco, one of the most abundant proteins in nature, catalyses
the fixation of atmospheric CO2 in photosynthesis. The limited
catalytic efficiency of Rubisco has sparked extensive efforts to
re-engineer the enzyme to enhance agricultural productivity. To bring
this goal closer, the formation of cyanobacterial form I Rubisco is now
analysed by in vitro reconstitution and cryo-electron microscopy.
Cuimin Liu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08651
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

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LETTERS

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Bulgeless dwarf galaxies and dark matter cores from supernova-driven
outflows pp203-206
The properties of 'dwarf' galaxies have long challenged the cold dark
matter (CDM) model of galaxy formation, as the properties of most
observed dwarf galaxies contrast with models based on the dominance
of CDM. Here, hydrodynamical simulations (assuming the presence of CDM)
are reported in which the analogues of dwarf galaxies -- bulgeless
and with shallow central dark-matter profiles -- arise naturally.
F. Governato et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08640
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=220&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

A large coronal loop in the Algol system pp207-209
The close binary Algol system contains a radio-bright KIV sub-giant
star in a very close and rapid orbit with a main sequence B8 star.
Evidence points to the existence of an extended, complex coronal
magnetosphere originating at the cooler K subgiant, but the detailed
morphology of the subgiant's corona and its possible interaction
with its companion are unknown. Multi-epoch radio imaging of the
Algol system now reveals a large coronal loop suggestive of a
persistent asymmetric magnetic field structure aligned between the
two stars.
W. M. Peterson, R. L. Mutel, M. Gudel and W. M. Goss
doi:10.1038/nature08643
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Time-reversal symmetry breaking and spontaneous Hall effect without
magnetic dipole order pp210-213
Chiral spin liquids are a hypothetical class of spin liquids in
which time-reversal symmetry is macroscopically broken even in the
absence of an applied magnetic field or any magnetic dipole long-range
order. Although such spin-liquid states were proposed more than two
decades ago, they remain elusive. Here, evidence is presented that the
time-reversal symmetry can be broken spontaneously on a macroscopic
scale in the absence of magnetic dipole long-range order, suggesting
the emergence of a chiral spin liquid.
Yo Machida et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08680
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=212&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Three-dimensional structure determination from a single view pp214-217
Most schemes for three-dimensional (3D) structure determination of an
object require multiple measurements over various orientations, or a
means of scanning it section by section. A 3D imaging modality, termed
ankylography, is now presented that under certain circumstances enables
complete 3D structure determination from a single diffraction
measurement. This approach could find broad applications in the physical
and life sciences.
Kevin S. Raines et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08705
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=244&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=111&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Dominant control of the South Asian monsoon by orographic insulation
versus plateau heating pp218-222
The elevation of the Tibetan plateau is thought to cause its surface
to serve as a heat source that drives the South Asian summer monsoon,
potentially coupling uplift of the plateau to climate changes on
geologic timescales. Here, however, an atmospheric model is used to
show that flattening of the Tibetan plateau has little effect on the
monsoon, provided that the narrow orography of the Himalayas and
adjacent mountain ranges is preserved.
William R. Boos and Zhiming Kuang
doi:10.1038/nature08707
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=246&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Coots use hatch order to learn to recognize and reject conspecific
brood parasitic chicks pp223-226
Why hosts of brood parasites generally fail to recognize parasitic
offspring after they have hatched from the egg, even when the host
and parasitic chicks are very different, remains a puzzle. American
coots are now shown to use first-hatched chicks in a brood as
referents to learn to recognize their own chicks and discriminate
against later-hatched parasitic chicks. A lack of reliable information
may explain why the evolution of such chick recognition is not more
common.
Daizaburo Shizuka and Bruce E. Lyon
doi:10.1038/nature08655
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Identification of an aggression-promoting pheromone and its receptor
neurons in Drosophila pp227-231
Although aggression is known to be regulated by pheromones in many
animal species, in no system have the pheromones, their receptors and
corresponding sensory neurons been identified. Here, 11-cis-vaccenyl
acetate (cVA), a volatile pheromone produced by male fruitflies, is
shown to promote male-to-male aggression through the activation of
olfactory sensory neurons expressing the receptor Or67d.
Liming Wang and David J. Anderson
doi:10.1038/nature08678
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=252&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Long-term potentiation depends on release of d-serine from astrocytes
pp232-236
The involvement of astroglia in long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic
transmission remains controversial. Clamping internal Ca2+ in individual
astrocytes in the CA1 area of the hippocampus is now shown to block LTP
induction at nearby excitatory synapses through an effect on the
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. This LTP blockade can be reversed by
exogenous D-serine, normally released in a Ca2+-dependent manner from
astrocytes.
Christian Henneberger, Thomas Papouin, Stephane H. R. Oliet and
Dmitri A. Rusakov
doi:10.1038/nature08673
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

KAP1 controls endogenous retroviruses in embryonic stem cells pp237-240
Much of the mammalian genome is derived from retroelements, a
significant proportion of which are endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). ERVs
are transcriptionally silenced during early embryogenesis by histone and
DNA methylation, but the initiators of this process are largely unknown.
Here, deletion of KAP1 is shown to lead to a marked upregulation of a
range of ERVs in mouse embryonic stem cells and in early embryos.
Helen M. Rowe et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08674
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Stomagen positively regulates stomatal density in Arabidopsis pp241-244
Stomata are specialized structures in the epidermal layer of leaves
that regulate the exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere.
One or more positive intercellular signalling factors are assumed to be
involved in stomatal development, but their identities remain elusive.
A novel secretory protein -- named stomagen -- is now shown to be just
such a factor; it is conserved among vascular plants and positively
regulates stomatal density.
Shigeo S. Sugano et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08682
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

An allosteric mechanism of Rho-dependent transcription termination
pp245-249
Rho is a general transcription termination factor in bacteria, but the
mechanism by which it disrupts the RNA polymerase (RNAP) elongation
complex is unknown. Here, Rho is shown to bind tightly to the RNAP
throughout the transcription cycle, with the formation of the RNAP-Rho
complex being crucial for termination. Furthermore, RNAP is proposed
to have an active role in Rho termination through an allosteric
mechanism.
Vitaly Epshtein, Dipak Dutta, Joseph Wade and Evgeny Nudler
doi:10.1038/nature08669
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Structural basis for the photoconversion of a phytochrome to the
activated Pfr form pp250-254
Phytochromes regulate numerous photoresponses in plants and
microorganisms through their ability to photointerconvert between a
red-light-absorbing, ground state (Pf) and a far-red-light-absorbing,
photoactivated state (Pfr). The structures of several phytochromes
as Pf have been determined previously; here, the three-dimensional
solution structure of the bilin-binding domain as Pfr is described.
The results shed light on the structural basis for photoconversion
to the activated Pfr form.
Andrew T. Ulijasz et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08671
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=196&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

- - - - -

NATUREJOBS

- - - - -

Prospects
Career crises p257
The past year's postdoc journal keepers face familiar dilemmas,
writes Gene Russo.
doi:10.1038/nj7278-257a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

News
Spanish reform will help foreign researchers p257
Non-EU researchers will find visa approval faster and easier.
Cristina Jimenez
doi:10.1038/nj7278-257b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Careers and Recruitment
From steel to science p258
Pittsburgh's universities are helping the city to emerge from its
Rust Belt roots and forge a knowledge economy.
Paul Smaglik reports.
doi:10.1038/nj7278-258a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=117&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

- - - - -

FUTURES

- - - - -

Tough crowd p262
It's no joke.
Marko Jankovic
doi:10.1038/463262a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=188&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

- - - - -

Advance Online Publication

- - - - -

13 January 2010
Targeting Bcr-Abl by combining allosteric with ATP-binding-site
inhibitors
Jianming Zhang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08675
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes are remarkably divergent in
structure and gene content
Jennifer F. Hughes et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08700
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Interaction between RasV12 and scribbled clones induces tumour growth
and invasion
Ming Wu, Jose Carlos Pastor-Pareja and Tian Xu
doi:10.1038/nature08702
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Self versus non-self discrimination during CRISPR RNA-directed immunity
Luciano A. Marraffini and Erik J. Sontheimer
doi:10.1038/nature08703
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

Role of conserved non-coding DNA elements in the Foxp3 gene in
regulatory T-cell fate
Ye Zheng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08750
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

10 January 2010
Hsp90 prevents phenotypic variation by suppressing the mutagenic
activity of transposons
Valeria Specchia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08739
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=34549923&r=NDA5MjY2MjAxMgS2&b=2&j=NjQyMTE3NjkS1&mt=1&rt=0

=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
Nature Reprint Collection
Immuno-epigenetics

Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly appreciated to have an
important role in immune cell functional diversity and adaptability,
and understanding these mechanisms holds considerable potential for
revealing new opportunities to therapeutically modulate the immune
response in a range of diseases.

This special collection brings together articles from Nature, Nature
Immunology, Nature Reviews Immunology and Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
that have contributed to advances and discussions in the field of
immune cell epigenetics.

Read the Collection online for FREE:
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